As a matter of fact, it is rather difficult for people to analyze the operation characteristics of three-phase brushless motor accurately. Motor air gap flux density distribution along with the air gap by sinusoidal. When the winding is energized, magnetic flux generated by the current impact of the air gap is negligible. In the condition of the switch operation, the power transistor is constant pressure drop. Each winding is symmetry and the corresponding circuit is completely consistent. The relevant electric time constant can be neglected. The power of sensored brushless motor and others that control circuit are also negligible. Three-phase brushless DC motors are also synchronous motors. It is very important to protect the three-phase brushless dc motor drivers. Power transistor would be burnt down when it is overload or use improperly, because it may cause high current.
Tag Archives: brushless motor
characteristics of three-phase brushless motor
How to build brushless motor controller
How to build a pretty basic dual brushless motor controller? I’m going to focus on the power section in this post, and as soon as I have time I’ll discuss the code/FroBoard side of things in another post. I got started on the power section last night after a copious amount of coffee, and wrapped it up this morning- it’s a pretty simple build if you’re used to building stuff on perf board. I firmly believe that the best way to learn how something works is to build it yourself- that’s how I learned about electric cars, and brushless motor control is no exception. So if you want to learn how brushless motor controllers work, build one! A controller this size is a great place to start if you’re just getting involved in brushless motor control- I would definitely recommend starting out with something like this if you plan on building a car-sized controller. In fact, my first brushless controller was essentially half of this controller. It’s good up to around 24 volts and 1 or 2 amps per motor, but with proper heatsinking it could probably take a bit more current.
This post is written with the electronics hobbyist/motor enthusiast in mind. It’s also turned out to be a bit longer than expected; ah well. I’ll try harder next time! Most of this won’t make any sense if you don’t have a rough understanding of what brushless motors are and how they work- if you’re in that group, no worries. There are lots of great sites out there explaining those details; unfortunately, I don’t have the space to go through it here. I’m really just hoping to take a little bit of the mystery out of brushless motor control and show that it isn’t all the black magic it can seem like- hopefully it helps a few hobbyists out there get a little further.
This controller is currently driven by two FroBoards, which is definitely more processing power than is really needed- it’s cool because it leaves room to read encoders, do serial stuff, and anything else you want to do in addition to running the motors. I’m running a whole robot off of these two FroBoards- usually, the motor controller is a separate unit, and another processor is used to handle the higher level decisions. Right now, for instance, I have a serial routine set up that lets me use a terminal emulator (MacWise in my case) to drive the robot around using the number pad on my keyboard, and there is still tons of room for add-ons. With a storebought setup, this would probably take two separate motor controllers and a processor to control them. So anyway, that’s pretty cool. That said, this power section could just as easily be driven off of a different processor or board; it isn’t specific to the FroBoard.
Likewise, it would be really easy to build a single motor controller for use with one processor or FroBoard in this style. It would just be a matter of getting rid of three of the half bridges. Anyway, without much ado, here’s a schematic for you all!
Leafmotor announced launch of brushless motor evaluation kit
Leafmotor announced the launch of a new generation for the brushless motor series evaluation kit (DRV8412-C2-KIT). The kit contains two brushless dc motor which can be started directly or single department all the necessary hardware software of stepper motor.
Out of the box with the brushless motor controller and driver solution containing DRV8412 motor drives, real-time control C2000 ™ Piccolo ™ microcontroller (MCU), controlCARD module, Quick Start GUI, comprehensive development of the source code, Code Composer Studio ™ (CCStudio) integrated development environment (IDE) and a variety of motors;
Modular control architecture for the application select the appropriate level of processing performance to provide a high degree of flexibility. In addition to C2000 controlCARD module outside, TI will provide more in 2011, the MCU options;
With integrated MOSFET’s DRV8412 motor drive compared with competing solutions can be Rdson sharp drop 3 times, up to 97% efficiency, and provide voltage in 50 V 6 A (continuous value) / 12 A (peak ) current without expensive heat sink.Besides, DRV8412 motor driver chip also includes advanced protection features, such as periodic over-current, over temperature and under voltage protection, can significantly reduce design complexity, board space, and ensuring higher system reliability;
C2000 Piccolo MCU support control, communications, and debugging. Industry-leading 32-bit embedded MCU in the C2000 MCU device family integrates the most advanced control peripherals and CPU functions. Free controlSUITE ™ software can get the most comprehensive combination of software modules brushless motor controller, real-time debugging and debugging open reference design;
C source code and use-based GUI can demonstrate one or two brushless dc motor voltage and current control and a stepper motor speed and index (with up to 128 micro-steps).
High Quality Brushless Hub Motor Free of Maintenance
Motor control from the simplest and off, starting, stopping, to clamp phase, transformer, inverter, vector, torque control, motor repair tool detail is nothing more than to make the brushless hub motor more accurate positioning, more stable speed and torque changes in more detail.
Maintenance of common motor control AC induction motors method has the following two kinds:
a. a test voltage control method: change the stator coil voltage, you can change the speed. For example, household fans, the use of switch to change the fan speed. Servo motor
b. Frequency control method: the mains frequency is 60Hz, if you use a micro controller or digital signal processor, operating rectifier component, the power switch into a different frequency, which can change the AC motor speed.
Stepper motor AC induction motor inverter, transformer control, the advantage is small, lightweight, low price, But the problem is the low efficiency of energy conversion easy to heat, electromagnetic interference noise is easy to produce strong, high noise and vibration.
To solve the above problems, academia and industry are actively involved in the DC motor, brushless DC motor to overcome. DC motor has good stability, speed should be, its input and output is almost linear between the characteristics, so that it can have a good control performance, it is widely used in high-precision control applications. However, because the brush and commutator DC motor is a mechanical friction contact with, easy to wear, sparks and electrical noise, resulting in lower reliability. Brushless motor is the DC brush electronic circuit in lieu of, and retains the advantages of DC motor, quick starts and stops; speed proportional to the voltage; turn moment proportional to the current advantages for high-accuracy, high stability and high speed applications. The disadvantage is limited by a permanent magnet material and size, big horsepower output system, the relative increase in difficulty.
Get Rid of Dependency With An Electric bike
With the environmental impact of the recent Gulf Coast oil disaster still largely unknown, it is becoming abundantly clear that we need to greatly cut down our dependence on gas. One way to do this is to spend ,1000 to buy a brand new electric bike. What if you don’t have that kind of money to spend? If you choose the best payday loan lender like, be assured that there are many benefits you are likely to acquire. But it is advisable to think carefully before you decide to apply for your loan. This is because after you have applied for this type of a loan, you need to plan on how to repay it. That is why it is essential to ensure that you plan carefully and know some of the basic ideas to consider. The following therefore are some of the benefits of payday loans.Visit our website at for more details.
With a little help and a small investment, you can do this yourself. Converting your own bike from gas to electric is not all that difficult to do. I know someone with a 1995 Toyota Corolla that converted his bike at a cost of five hundred dollars. That’s a fraction of what a new bike costs today.
The easiest way to do this is to turn it into a family project. A few simple steps is all it takes:
1. You will need a detailed plan on how to convert your bike into an electric bike. It can be a gas or diesel vehicle.
2. A garage that you can use as your work space, meanwhile you can put your car in a carport.
3. Simple every day tools including wrenches, drills, pliers and screw drivers.
Next, you will need a large brushless motor (9 inches or larger) and batteries. Keep in mind that DC motors can be used but they are more costly to obtain and harder to install. Therefore, I recommend you stay with a brushless motor and keep it simple.
You can, buy all the parts brand new or you can use the sources of free brushless motors and free industrial batteries listed in our plans. The parts are going to be your biggest cost of the project.
Sourcing the parts from a salvage yard is an inexpensive way to get your parts. Since a brushless motor will likely last longer than you will own your bike, using salvaged motors is prudent. Your bike will likely rust out from under you before the motor gives up.
After sourcing your brushless motor and batteries, you have to take out the gasoline engine from your bike. You will want to rent a hoist or find a mechanic to help you lift the heavy engine out of the bike.
Finally, leaving the clutch and flywheel assembly intact and detaching the rest will complete the removal job. This will leave you the room you will need for the batteries and brushless motor mounting.
It is very important that you use a standard transmission vehicle for the conversion because automatic transmissions won’t work. However, you will not have to shift gears once the conversion is completed. You will drive the electric bike just like you would an automatic transmission bike. Just put it in gear and go. When you stop, the engine stops too. The engine doesn’t idle or require clutching like a gasoline engine.
The acceleration takes a little getting used to as there won’t be a vehicle in town that will beat you when taking off from a stop light. You’re not driving a golf bike.
Building your own electric bike will be very rewarding. Especially, when you no longer have to spend time and money pumping gas to fill up your tank. Your electric bike will be able to go at least 50 mph and travel up to 100 miles on a single charge. How exciting!
The price for gas is going to continue to rise as we continue to deplete its resources. Now is the best time to start your own bike conversion project.
Working Principle of brushless dc motor
A, Brushless motor works through the the alternating electromotive force of armature coil,by the commutator with brushes for the role, so that leads from the brush end into the DC when the force of the principle. EMF direction is determined by the right-hand (magnetic induction line to the palm of the hand, thumb pointing to the direction of conductor movement, the other four fingers pointing is the direction of the electromotive force induced in the conductor.) Instant shown in Figure 1.1, the conductor ab, cd induction force direction by a and b point to point by d c. A positive polarity when the brush, brush B was negative.
Figure 1.1 brushless motor theory model
When the coil is rotated counterclockwise 180 °, then the conductor cd in the N pole, the conductor ab in the S pole, the force of the conductor are changed direction, respectively.
Figure 1.2 brushless dc motor theory model
Seen from the figure, and the brush contact with the conductor A is always located at the N pole, the same, and brush contact with the conductor B is always lower in the S pole. Therefore, A is always positive polarity brush, brush B always negative, so the brush end can lead to changes in the direction of change but the size of the pulsating force. If the increase in the number of coils on the armature, and in accordance with certain rules to connect them together, can reduce the level of pulsating, direct current electromotive force can be obtained. This is the brushless motor works.
Second, the working principle of DC motor force of the conductor with the left hand rule to determine direction. This form of electromagnetic force acting on the armature a moment, this moment is called the rotating motor, electromagnetic torque, the torque direction is counterclockwise in an attempt to make the armature move counterclockwise. If the electromagnetic torque to overcome the torque on the armature resistance (eg resistance caused by the friction torque, and other load torque), the armature will be able to counter-clockwise spin.
Figure 1.3 DC motor theory model
When the armature turn 180 °, the conductor under the cd to N pole, S pole to the next conductor ab, due to the current direction of the DC power supplies unchanged, still flows from the brush A, the conductor cd, ab, the B from the brush out. At this time the direction of conductor cd into force from right to left, conductor ab direction from left to right by force, the electromagnetic torque is still counter-clockwise direction.
Figure 1.4 DC motor theory model
Therefore, the armature upon rotation, the commutator with the brush commutation of the current role of DC current alternately flows from the conductor ab and cd, so long as the coil in the N pole side, the one by the electric current direction is always A brush into the direction and under the S pole, always out in the direction B from the brush. This ensures that each side in the very next coil current is always in one direction, the direction to form a constant torque, the motor can be continuously rotated. This is the DC motor works.
BLDC motor and brushless motor
For a long time, there is a big battery technology R & D bottlenecks, many countries have committed to developing higher-performance electric car motor vehicle in order to obtain improved performance, China is no exception.
As early as four years ago, the market is still in the majority of electric bicycles use BLDC motor stage. BLDC motor uses a mechanical commutation, the control system technology, less demanding, lower cost than the brushless motor, BLDC motor starting torque is slightly larger than the brushless motor.
BLDC motor has several weaknesses: short life, noise, and low efficiency. Short life because it uses carbon brush, turning the process easier to damage. Also wear a lot of toner dust generated, these dust fall gear oil, gear oil to speed up the drying, to further increase the motor noise.
BLDC motor used once a year or so to replace carbon brushes, carbon brushes replaced after one charge mileage car bought less than two-thirds of the time, but also in the climbing area seem less motivated, even burn control. This is because the carbon brush replacement motor, the commutator also grind a groove, so that the contact area to reduce the carbon brush, carbon brush of poor contact will spark power and speed and oxidation of copper commutator, resulting in the undesirable phenomenon.
brushless motor is a special kind of DC motor, it uses built-in sensor plus electronic commutator method for electronic commutation, brushless motor mainly to eliminate brush wear and brush contact noise generated.
From the low-speed electric vehicles since the advent of the motor, brush and brushless motor of the dispute has been no stop. Comparing both, brushless motor really is superior to BLDC motor, brushless motor also known for its excellent performance for the general consumer acceptance. Currently, almost all electric bikes are used a brushless motor, brushless motor instead of BLDC motor is a must.
Electric bicycle hub motor mechanical structures
Electric bicycle hub motor mechanical structures:
Brush motor and brushless motor have different energization principles, and their internal structures are not the same. For the electric bicycle hub motor, the motor torque output (whether through the reduction gear body) is not the same, then they will have different mechanical structures.
1, Common high-speed brush motor internal mechanical structure. This wheel hub motor from the built-in high-speed brush motors heart, reduction gears, clutch, wheel cover and other components. Brush with high-speed hub gear motor is within the rotor.
2, common low-speed brush motor internal mechanical structure. This wheel motor from the carbon brushes, commutator, rotor, stator, motor shaft, motor end caps, bearings and other components. Brush speed gearless hub motor is external rotor motor.
3, common high-speed brushless motor of the internal mechanical structure. This wheel motor from the built-in high-speed brushless motors heart, planetary roller friction, overload clutch, output flanges, end caps, wheel housings and other components. High-speed brushless geared hub motor is within the rotor.
4, common low-speed brushless motor of the internal mechanical structure. This wheel motor from the rotor, stator, motor shaft, motor end caps, bearings and other components. Low-speed brushless gearless hub motor is external rotor motor.
leaf smart car race motor
leaf Super model car contest rules, no restrictions on the use of motors, as long as the right, players can choose the hub motor. Having an expert auto locksmith that you can call anytime is also a good
thing to have, though not necessary. If you are having a hard time finding an auto lock smith you can find an auto locksmith company in West Palm Beach FL here.So how to choose the right motor it? Oaks from little acorns, the motor is a fundamental part of the model car, the motor will have a direct decision model cars will eventually run fast? When you want to find out how much your car is worth can be a useful resource. With an office in San Diego they can help you get you paid quickly for your car. AC and DC motors are generally divided into two, thanks to battery-powered, combined with a model car of this level, it is generally used as the drive hub motor.It may be considered an exception to the brushless hub motor, and it is essentially a AC motor. The hub motor’s basic principle is nice and simple, there is no nonsense. Fixing a car can be difficult when you don’t have the right parts, but you can easily get new Bentley Parts from leaf Car Parts.
Specifically, the optional hub motor in the following categories: general motors, coreless motor, brushless motor.
1 General Electric. Is the most common, the most common motor.
2. Coreless hub motor. Coreless DC motors are permanent magnet, servo motor, the main difference with the ordinary use of the motor is coreless rotor, also called hollow cup-shaped rotor. Coreless motor compared with ordinary motor, has the following advantages:
a. higher energy conversion efficiency (a measure of its energy-saving features of indicators): The average efficiency of 70% or more, some products can reach more than 90% (normal 15-50% in the core motor);
b. Activate the brake quickly, fast response: mechanical time constant is less than 28 milliseconds, some products can reach 10 ms or less, the recommended area of high speed running state, the speed control sensitivity;
c. reliable operation stability: adaptive ability, their speed fluctuations can be controlled in less than 2%;
d. less electromagnetic interference: the use of high-quality brushes, commutator structure, change the spark is small, can avoid the additional anti-jamming device; energy density: core motor with the same power compared to its weight, volume reduce 1/3-1/2; speed – voltage, speed – torque, torque – current standards such as the corresponding parameters presents a linear relationship.
Coreless motors are divided into brush and metal brush, brush carbon brush of high melting point than the metal resistance, strong overload capacity, peak current for frequent occasions (start / stop operation, forward and reverse operation, etc.)
3.brushless motor. Brushless motor stator windings made of three-phase symmetrical multi-star connection, with three-phase asynchronous motor is very similar. Stick with the motor rotor has magnetized permanent magnet, in order to detect the polarity of the motor rotor, the motor that has the position sensor. Drive from the power electronic devices and integrated circuits, etc., and its function is to: Accept the motor start, stop, brake signal to control the motor start, stop and braking; receiving position sensor signal and inversion signals used to control the reverse change the bridge off of the power tube to produce a continuous torque; accept the speed command and speed feedback signals used to control and adjust the speed; providing protection and display, and so on.
brushless motor and other motor comparison:
Advantages of brushless, brush motor on the brush to avoid damage to the defect, long service life. Fast speed, big power.
Disadvantages brushless machine load fluctuations may not respond, and this model contest for the motor load required to withstand very large fluctuations, the use of brushless motor may be (actually bound) appears the phenomenon of motor suddenly stopped. And brushless motor voltage range of smaller, less torque, control complexity, the current large to meet the requirements of the Japanese games do not brushless motor. So the basic rule out the brushless motor.
The above point of view, the most suitable for the game is hollow cup hub motor, had previously conducted experiments on the corresponding features coreless motor has a very profound impact. However, the coreless motor has its drawbacks, first of all is the price, coreless motors are more sophisticated motor, prices are generally very expensive, but also hundreds of cheap domestic one, expensive as MAXon, FAULHABER, thousands of one. With four-wheel drive, for example, the motor would take thousands, taking into account what the backup, put quite big ah. The other is the hub motor resistance than ordinary rough ah, improper use, then easily out mechanical failure, such as brush burn, the drive shaft off, I have broken several a night, a few thousand dollars gone ah.
Therefore, most of the teams, the more appropriate is the ordinary motor, the cheap, rough-resistant, pressure is good. Ordinary hub motor can be divided into several levels, the general classification by motor diameter, such as the RC130, RC260/RC280, RC380, RC540, and so on. Freescale is the RC380 motor racing competition organizing committee to provide Renesas level is RC260 motor. Generally the larger motor, the greater the power, the same level of motor parameters are also different.
If you pick it? Example. Suppose I want the rented car that can reach up to 4m / s speed, wheel diameter of 45mm, the transmission ratio 1:6, then the motor speed at least 10000r/min, taking into account the redundancy of the motor rated speed to achieve 14000r/min, only more but, even taking into account work by the overpressure, ie 6V motor in 10V (8 * 1.2) voltage, is higher than the motor rated speed 8000r/min, then you can visit royaldrive. Another important parameter is the power, experience, 1kg 3w about model car with the motor on it, of course, the power is the bigger the better.
Japan “MCR God” Haruo Shimazu car will use a committee of four to provide the motor (Mabuchi’s RC260-18130), as shown below, you can reach 3.8m / s average speed. And in 2009, Huazhong University of Science uses four RC-280 motor. Thus, an ordinary motor, as long as the design is reasonable, selection is correct, we can achieve good results. Select the motor, it is best to buy the regular manufacturers such as Johnson Electric, yushan motor, etc., generally corresponding specifications for reference, the quality is also reliable. After a long tiring day, your cars is just like you, it wants to have a best wash it deserves. You can bring in best pressure washers for your car to make it presentable and cool again.
Brushless motor repair
Device using a lot of clothing brushless motor, such as DUKEPU, Bedford, heavy machinery and other brands, although the effect of these motors use the whole quite good, but after a certain number of years in use, many motor that comes with a lot of failures. For brushless motor is generally installed in the back-end encoder, encoder, such damage, the general conventional treatment:
First, the wiring is bad; two internal dirty; Third, there is wear the device (including the code disc wear); Fourth, there is damage to small crystal devices; five is the integrated sensor damage.
Through the above conventional treatment can solve 98% of the basic fault. In addition to these failures, the type of motor then there are the mechanical problems, and summarize the general failure of the following:
First, the bearing damage; second rotor problem; third stator winding problems.
Bearing bad can be changed, can be re-burned around the winding, the rotor is damaged, a lot of maintenance staff know what to plant, because these are usually the rotor within the magnetic stripe expansion, resulting bulge out of the metal, resulting in “sweep chamber” problem. So how to handle it?
The way we deal with are: First, remove the outer metal, removing the magnetic stripe (magnetic strip to pay attention to the order, try not misplaced, or re-check a little trouble), clean interior and magnetic stripe itself (be sure to handle clean, conditional You can draw a few prints on the rotor), there are slightly higher at the polished look, alcohol or dry clean pine fragrance. Then, glue (we used a 326), paste the magnetic strip, then glue (we used a transformer plant resin, the specific model unknown), and then paste the glass fiber cloth (optional 0.06mm), gently pull level, so that through the fabric glue. Finally, heat drying (the effect can also be just dry naturally slow, easy flow of glue), and finally is installed debugging.
After the above treatment, the effect is very good, comparable to the new machine, if there is a better way which does not also contribute to what anti-exchange brings progress!